Fertility Treatments
CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY
- Varicose veins around the testicles (varicocele).
- Obstruction (blockage) of the genital tract
- Anatomical abnormalities of the genitals, such as undescended testicles.
- Genital injury.
- Intercourse problems such as premature withdrawal or poor timing with their partner’s menstrual cycle.
- Genetic abnormalities.
- Cystic fibrosis.
- Opiates.
- Smoking.
- Hormonal disturbances
- Cancer medications and radiation therapy.
- Sexually transmitted diseases.
- Use of some medications, such as some for high blood pressure, some antidepressants, and male hormones.
- Mumps after puberty.
- Prostate surgery.
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Spinal cord injury.
- Urinary tract infection.
- Illicit drug use (e.g. using cocaine, smoking marijuana).
- Steroids.
- Environmental factors may also affect male fertility.
- Prior vasectomy
INVESTIGATIONS FOR MALE INFERTILITY (Depending on cause)
- History and physical examination
- Semen analysis
- Scrotal/prostate ultrasound
- Hormonal testing
- Genetic testing
- Post-ejaculate urinalysis
- MRI of the genital tract
- Sperm DNA testing
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR MEN
- Varicocele repair
- Microsurgery to correct obstruction
- Vasectomy reversal.
- Hormonal treatment
- Surgical sperm retrieval.
- Surgical Procedure-Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) and Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE).
- Surgical Procedure- Micro Surgical Testicular Sperm Extraction (MicroTESE)
- Trans-urethral resection of ejaculatory duct
- Healthy Living